THE ORIGINS OF R1B IN AFRICA

THE ORIGINS OF R1B IN AFRICA

THE ORIGINS OF R1B IN AFRICA

The R1b haplogroup originated around 18,000–20,000 years ago in Eastern Europe…

18,000–20,000 years ago in Eastern Europe falls within the Upper Paleolithic…

The gene variants associated with pale skin in modern Europeans (such as SLC24A5, SLC45A2, and HERC2/OCA2) were virtually absent or at extremely low frequencies in Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and early Neolithic populations…

According to a 2018 study (D’Atanasio et al.), R1b-V88 evolved around 12,000 years ago, during the Mesolithic period, in Eastern Europe…

The R1b-V88 mutation first appears on the “radar screen” roughly 12,000 years ago at the Iron Gates, a section of the Danube River along the contemporary border between Serbia and Romania…

R1b-V88 is specifically found in high frequencies in Central Africa, particularly among populations in the Lake Chad Basin region, including northern Cameroon, Nigeria, and Chad…

“R-M343 has been found in high concentration in some populations from Central-West Africa where it reaches very high frequencies (up to 95%) in populations in the central Sahel; northern Cameroon, northern Nigeria, Chad and Niger.”

SOURCE;

(https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2010131)

“A group of chromosomes within the paragroup R-P25* are found concentrated in the central-western part of the African continent, where they can be detected at frequencies as high as 95%.”

SOURCE;

(https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg2009231)

The presence of R1b-V88 in both ancient Eastern European and Central Sahelian populations suggests a long history of gene flow and migration…

Some of these Eurasian populations who had been in Europe for millennia began migrating back into Africa…

This Eurasian backflow brought the Y chromosome lineage R1b-V88 into Africa…

The Eurasian backflow into Africa came from a population closely related to Early Neolithic farmers who had colonized Europe 4,000 years earlier…

The backflow came from the same genetic source that fueled the Neolithic expansion into Europe from the Near East…

In Africa, the highest prevalence of Y-DNA haplogroup R1b (specifically R1b-V88) is found among certain groups of the Fulani people…

The ancestors of the Fulani people — particularly the male-line ancestors who carried haplogroup R1b-V88 — originated in Eastern Europe or the Near East during the Mesolithic period (~12,000 years ago) and later migrated into Africa, where their descendants eventually became integrated into Sahelian populations, especially around Lake Chad…

The Fulani are thus partly descended from these ancient Eurasian migrants…

And no, these ancient migrants were not pale-skinned Europeans…